Which Sultan demanded half the crops on land after measurement as revenue?

Explanation

Alauddin Khilji was the first Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate to introduce certain changes in land-revenue policy. He fixed 50% of the produce as land revenue and insisted that it should be collected in the form of grain. Before him, Balban and Iltutmish did not levy land revenue at a rate higher than one-third of the produce. During the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq too, the rate of land tax was 50%, similar to Alauddin’s. Although in this question both options (c) and (d) are correct, the Bihar Public Service Commission, in its final answer key, accepted option (c) as correct. <!-- layout: gqhs, lvwv, yzth, qidm, gfaw, vgcr, flox, spgp, viom -->